The Recession Of The United States - 1460 Words

I. Introduction Ever since World War II the United States has experienced many recessions. There have been many terrible recessions that have hit this great country hard. What is a recession people may wonder? A recession is a significant decline in activity across the economy, lasting longer than a few months. It is visible in industrial production, employment, real income and wholesale-retail trade. The technical indicator of a recession is two consecutive quarters of negative economic growth as measured by a country s gross domestic product (GDP). Although, the recession of 2001 wasn’t a dramatic and horrible recession, it was the end of the longest expansion our country had seen since WWII. The expansion following the recession of 1991 was 10 years up until this recession of 2001. Furthermore, this recession was difficult and was hard to deal with and overcome, because during the time of this recession our country experienced 9/11. II. Causes of the Recession After the longest economic expansion in history, the U.S. experienced a recession in 2001. The Recession of 2001 was relatively short, but still had its impact upon us Americans. Just like many of the previous recessions our great country has faced, this one had many reasons as to why we fell into a recession as well. Some of the reasons we experienced a recession in 2001 is, because of the collapse of the dotcom bubble, the attack on 9/11, and a series of accounting attacks at major U.S Corporations. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Recession Of The United States Recession2003 Words   |  9 PagesRecession is termed as a period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced, generally identified by a fall in GDP in two successive quarters. Based on the complete recession that took place few important points that I could gather in specific considering each type of recession are listed below. How it took place? Causes for it and what impact it had on the audience. Let me discuss about this in brief. The recession of 1937-38 is usually known as â€Å"the recessionRead MoreThe Recession Of The United States910 Words   |  4 Pagesover the years, but when one dives deep into research, he can see that the cornerstone of the United States’ economy is about to fail. Not only should the government take a step back from further disrupting the economy, but they should rather help find ways to grow it through producing goods in America and by supporting new businesses to decrease the unemployment rate. A team working for Goldman Sachs states that America is the best working economy in the world, but they didn’t do enough research. IfRead MoreThe Recession Of The United States874 Words   |  4 PagesEvery American was impacted in some way or another during the 2008 recession. Whether one was worried about their bank closing its doors, their business closing up or filling for bankruptcy it changed the way Americans save and think. The recession personally affected me for my father works at one of the â€Å"big three† car companies. And the fear of being let go of or laid off was something that every person in the industry had to deal with. But it was just in the car industry that suffered, it wasRead MoreThe Recession Of The United States1192 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The 2008-2010 recession is a period when an economic decline was witnessed in major world markets. The U.S. was among the worst hence pressuring the Federal Reserve to make efforts towards evading further damages. The recession was characterized by a rise in both economic demand and asset prices. Other features of the recession included high cases of unemployment, slumping commodity prices, and a drop of international trade. To avoid a further economic decline, the Federal ReserveRead MoreThe Recession Of The United States943 Words   |  4 PagesSeveral years ago the economy in the United States took a real turn for the worst. It was one of the biggest economical down falls in history. Many people lost their homes toforeclosure when they became unable to make their mortgage payments. There are many reasons that people suddenly became unable to make their payments. As the unemployment rate increased from 5% in December of 2007 to 10.01% in October of 2009 (Bureau of Labor Statisti cs) many people lost their jobs. Another cause was that peopleRead MoreThe Recession Of The United States And United Kingdom1839 Words   |  8 PagesThe Great Recession of 2007-2012, of which several countries are still recovering, including the United States and United Kingdom, shows great similarity to the Japanese Recession of the 1990s. However, by taking a closer look and identifying the causes of both we become aware of the differences that make them not so similar after all. The Great Recession had a domino effect beginning in the United States with the fault of subprime mortgages creating a housing bubble. Whereas Japan’s fault lies withRead MoreEssay On The United States Recession781 Words   |  4 Pagesinterested in the United states recession in 2008. It also interested me in finding out what we have done, in the middle of doing, and what we are going to do to get out of the recession. I decided to choose this topic about the US economy and what we were and ar e doing to get out of the recession because I wanted to learn more about why we went into a recession and how we are now working on how to get out of one. I wanted to write about all the things that led up to the recession and write aboutRead MoreThe Great Recession Of The United States905 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States is a country that over the years has relied on its economic stability to continue providing acceptable living for its citizens and continue its leadership of the free world. This country went through an economic depression which lasted several years throughout the 1920’s and the 1940’s but successfully recovered from it after World War II. An economic boom in the 1990’s during George Clinton’s Presidency the federal budget was managed to be balanced and helped increase the economicRead MoreThe Worst Recession Of The United States1420 Words   |  6 PagesAt the end of the 20th century, it was clear that the United States national economy was on a incline. The U.S began winning the worldwide arms race, holding 50% of the world weapons stockpile (Taylor 10). Capitalism, the main trademark of the United States economy, spread like a wildfire across the majority of the world (Taylor 10). To the uneducated ear, news like this sounds great; the United States is slowly taking over the world. However, this insane growth was actually poising the U.S. forRead MoreThe Recession Of The United States Economy Essay990 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough the current statistics are insightful, I will explain my view of the longer term trends in the U.S. economy through three primary lenses: GDP growth, unemployment, and inflation. The first area I will examine is GDP growth. Since the Great Recession, the U.S. Economy has been marked by stagnant growth. On average, from 2010 to 2016, the U.S. GDP grew at 2.01%, which is 1.74% less than during previous post-recessionary expansions, a statistic which would have yielded a 13.6% higher GDP. James

Immigration As A Migrant Worker Essay - 2294 Words

The Oxford English dictionary describes immigration as â€Å"the international movement of people to a destination country of which they are not natives or where they do not possess citizenship in order to settle or reside there, or to take-up employment as a migrant worker†. It was in the mid-twentieth century, following the Second World War, that many economic migrants first arrived in the UK from Commonwealth countries, particularly the West Indies, seeking work and a better life. The public may not have known it at the time but the support for what would become to be known as ‘multi-culturalism’ was born out of these post war demographic changes. Although progression has not always been smooth. With inter-cultural competition for both jobs and housing it did not take long for tensions to rise between these migrants and the indigenous white population. At this time, it was not uncommon to see signs on guest houses in Britain’s major cities stating â€Å"No Blacks / Irish†. Racial tensions came to a head in September 1958 when, in London, up to 400 working class white youths began a week long attack on the homes of West Indian immigrants in what became known as the Notting Hill riots. The UK Race Relations Act was first introduced in 1965 as a legal means of addressing such discrimination on the grounds of race. The act made it an offence to incite racial hatred or refuse to serve, unreasonably delay or overcharge someone on the grounds of colour, race or ethnic origin. ThoughShow MoreRelatedThe Polictis of Immigration and Migrant Workers Essay examples1205 Words   |  5 Pagesand immigration laws. The politics of immigration change frequently predicated on discriminating political views towards a particular migrating culture. For instance, the Chinese Exclusion Act came into effect to control the incremented population of Chinese immigrants in 1882. Proposition 187, devised to control the sizably voluminous Hispanic population by enjoining illicit immigrant’s access to social services, education, and health care, shows another example of the fluctuating immigration politicsRead MoreAccomplishments of The Justicia for Migrant Workers Essay935 Words   |à ‚  4 PagesThe Justicia for Migrant Workers (J4MW) is a non-profit organization run by volunteer aimed at helping the migrant framworkers to gain their rights in Canada. This organization established in April 2001 when over 20 Mexican migrant workers organized a strike in Leamington and repatriated. They demand for a employment insurance created for the migran workers by the federal government and the right to apply for citizenship in Canada. Moreover, they fight to gain the fair treat and right to appealRead MoreThe Effects Of Immigration On The Labour Market1334 Words   |  6 PagesThe issue of immigration restrictions has been a widely discussed topic in New Zealand, where migrants account for approximately one-quarter of the total population (United Nations, 2015). Some argue that the government has the responsibility to protect native workers, property rights against inflation and taxpayers, thus, should restrict immigration. However, others believe that the immigration polic y achieves its intended purpose and that the migrants, eventually, bring tremendous positive economicRead MoreThe Critical Concern Of Immigration1067 Words   |  5 PagesFor this project I tackled the critical concern of immigration. Immigration has been a concern of the sisters for a while now and I wanted to learn more about what has been happening behind the scenes to help those who are brought into this country illegally. The topic I focused on the most was how migrant workers in Maine are treated and how they are being paid and if there is housing provided for the worker while they are here working. I wanted to mainly focus on the blueberry harvesting industriesRead MoreDo International Migration And Remittances Reduce Poverty? Developing Countries?1137 Words   |  5 Pageseconomists have different opinions and recommendations regarding international immigration policies. Richard H. Adams and John Page’s essay â€Å"Do International Migration and Remittances Reduce Poverty in Developing Countries?† focuses on remittances, or the money sent back home by migrant workers, and their effect on poverty in labor exporting countries. The authors conclude that an increase in the amount of migrant workers in a country’s population will lead to a decrease in poverty for the labor-exportingRead MoreTrade Policy For The New President Essay1162 Words   |  5 Pages10 November 2016 Trade Policy for the New President: Concerning Immigration In the recent decades, member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) have seen rapid growth in the foreign-born population which has stimulated research on the socio-economic impacts of immigration. There has been great amounts of research done to produce literature like that of Gould (1994) that propose that immigration has proven statistically to have a significant positive impactRead MoreAustralia And Australia s Optimum Population Level1601 Words   |  7 Pagessteeply declined over the last decade which has prompted the government to increase the migration intake, through the skilled migrants system, to provide companies and industries with the labour force that they require. According to Stimulus A, the increase and peak in the skilled migration and into Australia from late 2009 would indicate the government pushing for skilled migrants into Australia. Due to the fact that Australia is so densely populated in the major cities and towns, there has been completeRead More Illegal Immigrants Cause High Unemployment in Califorina Essay1290 Words   |  6 Pagesdemanded. In order to fill the demand for labor, workers from Mexico or other countries south of the United States border crossed the border into California illegally, hoping to find work. In other cases, citizens from other countries will apply for visas in the United States and then overstay their visas. These workers become undocumented migrant workers, roaming from farm to farm, hoping that they can make enough money to send home. Farmers hire these workers and pay them illegally with cash. A recentRead MoreThe Impact Of Immigration On The Culture Of Host Country994 Words   |  4 PagesCenter for immigration Studies in Washington, D.C, reports the data from Censu Bureau, the United States department of commerce that provides data of people, business and economy, there are 1.6 million legal migrants and illegal migrants come to the U.S annually. Camarota goe s on to say that the immigrants now take up one-eighth of total population who residing in the U.S. Namely, the number of immigrant population with a rapid growth. Some people say that the government should allow immigration. WhileRead MoreWhy Did Australian Officials Feel The Keep Sell? Australia During The Dp Camps Of Post War Europe?1580 Words   |  7 PagesHouse of Representatives on the 2nd August 1945, Calwell announced a target increase in population of two percent of population per year, approximately 70 000 through immigration, to increase population density. Various Australian officials travelled to the Displaced Persons (DP) camps in Occupied Europe to ‘recruit’ possible migrants. However, there were various obstacles to increasing the population, including that Australia was not well known, and not attractive to DPs, as the distance was considerable

Part One Essay Example For Students

Part One Essay Brief Descriptions of the Following Astronomers:Walter Baade : Baade was a German-born American, whose work gave new estimates for the age and size of the universe. During the wartime, blackouts aided his observatons and allowed him to indentify and classify stars in a new and useful way, and led him to increase and improve Hubbles values for the size and age of the universe (to the great relief of geologists.) He also worked on supernovae and radiostars. Milton Humason : Humason was a colleague of Edwin Hubbles at Mt. Wilson and Palomar Mtn. who was instrumental in measuring faint galaxy spectra providing evidence for the expansion of the universe. Jan Oort : In 1927, this Dutch astronomer proved by observation (in the Leiden observatory) that our galaxy is rotating, and calculated the sirance of the sun from the centre of the galaxy and the period of its orbit. In 1950 he sugested the exsistence of a sphere of incipent cometary material surrounding the solar system, which is now called the Oort cloud. He proposed that comets detached themsleves from this Oort-cloud and went into orbit around the sun. From 1940 onwards he carried out notable work in radio astronomy. Harlow Shapley : Shapley deduced that the Sun lies near the central plane of the Galaxy some 30,000 light-years away from the centre. In 1911 Shapley, working with results given by Henry N. Russell, began finding the dimensions of stars in a number of binary systems from measurements of their light variation when they eclipse one another. These methods remained the standard procedure for more than 30 years. Shapley also showed that Cepheid variables cannot be star pairs that eclipse each other. He was the first to propose that they are pulsating stars. In the Mount Wilson Observatory, Pasadena Calif., in 1914, he made a study of the distribution of the globular clusters in the Galaxy; these clusters are immense, densely packed groups of stars, some containing as many as 1,000,000 members. He found that of the 100 clusters known at the time, one-third lay within the boundary of the constellation Sagittarius. Utilizing the newly developed concept that variable stars accurately reveal their distance by their period of variation and apparent brightness, he found that the clusters were distributed roughly in a sphere whose centre lay in Sagittarius. Since the clusters assumed a spherical arrangement, it was logical to conclude that they would cluster around the centre of the Galaxy; from this conclusion and his other distance data Shapley deduced that the Sun lies at a distance of 50,000 light-years from the centre of the Galaxy; the number was later corrected to 30,000 light-years. Before Shapley, the Sun was believed to lie ne!ar the centre of the Galaxy. His work, which led to the first realistic estimate for the actual size of the Galaxy, thus was a milestone in galactic astronomy. Allan Sandage : Sandage (U.S) discovered the first quasi-stellar radio source (quasar), a starlike object that is a strong emitter of radio waves. He made the discovery in collaboration with the U.S. radio astronomer Thomas A. Matthews. Sandage became a member of the staff of the Hale Observatories (now the Mount Wilson and Palomar Observatories), in California, in 1952 and carried out most of his investigations there. Pursuing the theoretical work of several astronomers on the evolution of stars, Sandage, with Harold L. Johnson, demonstrated in the early 1950s that the observed characteristics of the light and colour of the brightest stars in various globular clusters indicate that the clusters can be arranged in order according to their age. This information provided insight into stellar evolution and galactic structure. Later, Sa ndage became a leader in the study of quasi-stellar radio sources, comparing accurate positions of radio sources with photographic sky maps and then using a large optical telescope to find a visual starlike source at the point where the strong radio waves are being emitted. Sandage and Matthews identified the first of many such objects Sandage later discovered that some of the remote, starlike objects with similar characteristics are not radio sources. He also found that the light from a number of the sources varies rapidly and irregularly in intensity. Part TwoCerro Tololo Interamerican

Little Red Riding Hood Essay Example

Little Red Riding Hood Paper Little Reds Bad Characteristics Throughout the different versions of Little Red Riding Hood, the character, Little Red, is tricked into telling the wolf where her sick grandmother lives. The wolf then takes advantage of Little Reds innocence and unintelligence by arriving at the grandmothers house first and eating her before Little Red can visit with her sick grandmother. Although her innocence could have been the reason she told the wolf information when she should have kept to herself. It couldVe even been the fact that she is too unintelligent to realize her actions have a cause and effect to them. Actually, it was a combination of innocence and unetelligence that causes the situations in the fairy tale. These two traits go hand and hand, giving the wolf the opportunities he needs to get a good meal out of the huge ordeal. Early in the story Little Red Riding Hood by Charles Perrault, Little Red told the wolf exactly where her sick grandmother lives. She lives beyond the mill you can see over there, in the first house you come to in the village (34). This evidence exposes Little Reds innocence. By not knowing any better, she breaks the rule of Never talk to strangers. We will write a custom essay sample on Little Red Riding Hood specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Little Red Riding Hood specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Little Red Riding Hood specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer She told the unknown, dangerous wolf where her vulnerable grandmother lives. The wolf then took the opportunity that Little Red Riding Hood has given him to race to grandmothers house and eat the poor sick grandmother before Little Red has the chance to arrive and aid her. Because of Little Reds innocence, the wolf was able to take advantage of her. Leading to consequences she has to face. Later on in the tale, Little Red shows her another example of innocence when she arrives to her grandmothers house in the Little Red Riding Hood by Charles Perraults version of the fairy tale. The wolf had already eaten the grandmother and disguised himself by wearing her clothes. Little Red Riding Hood heard the hoarse voice of the wolf and thought that her grandmother must have caught a cold (34). This provides evidence that Little Red did not remember the wolfs voice after Just talking to him earlier that same day. By being to childish and innocent, she did not play close attention and not taking in consideration that the wolf is dangerous and should be cautious when coming into contact with. Since she was careless, the wolf tricks Little Red into thinking he was her grandmother. Since she failed to remember his voice one, this resulted in the wolf successfully tricking her for a second time. In a different version of the tale Little Red Cap by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm Little Red is too innocent to realize the door was surprisingly open already, giving her a gut feeling that something was wrong. She was surprised to find the door open, and when she stepped into the house she had such a strange feeling that she said to herself: My goodness, Im usually so glad to see grandmother. Why am I frightened today? (36). She ignored these unusual signs and went into the house with no suspension rather than being alert of danger. Since she was not alert and aware, she kept her two characteristics of being innocent and unintelligent strong. She was too innocent to think that something was wrong and to proceed with caution. In addition, she lack intelligence by not realizing that her gut was telling her something was different and to be more careful while entering grandmoth ers house. Leading to another cause and affect into the story. Since she walked into the open house without thoughtfulness, she paid the price by being gobbled up. Little Reds unintelligence trait also affects the choices she made throughout the tale. In the ersion Little Red Cap by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm she did not have the knowledge of the wolf being a wicked beast and should be cautious when interacting with a wolf. But Little Red Cap didnt know what a wicked beast he was so she wasnt afraid of him. (36). This proves to the reader that Little Red Cap did not have the knowledge of the wolf being a force to reckon with. Her unintelligence blinded her to obtain the knowledge to know how wicked the wolf is. Resulting in the wolf being able to abstract information of Little Reds grandmother location and being able to eat the sick grandmother. Little Red revels her lack of intelligence in the story Little Red Cap by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. She fails to see the wolf disguised as her grandmother by wearing her grandmothers clothing. Then she put on her clothes and her nightcap, lay down in the bed, and drew the curtains. (36). Little Red fails to recognize that the wolf is not her grandmother and is deceiving her. She should have noticed a difference between a hairy animal that is much larger than a sick old grandmother. In result of Little Red not being able to tell that it was a wicked beast, she was dealt the same fate as her grandmother. In addition, throughout all versions of Little Red Riding Hood, she asks the wolf, who she believes is her grandmother, questions. For example in the story Little Red Riding Hood by Charles Perrault she asks, Grandmother, what big ears you have! All the better to hear you with, my dear (35) or Grandmother, what big arms you have! All the better to hold you with, my dear (35). Little Red calls out the obvious traits that divide the differences of physical appearance between a human and a wolf. By not being able to tell the difference between a wolf and a grandmother proves the lack of intelligence that Little Red has. In result of her lack of intelligence, she also is gobbled up by the wolf, just like her sick grandmother. In conclusion to all the evidence collected from the different versions of Little Red Riding Hood, evidence proves that the combination of Little Reds traits caused the outcome of the fairy tale versus a single trait causing the scenario to form. Since she was to innocence to see the wolfs tricks, she had to face consequences. Both the traits of innocence and unintelligence play a huge role in the fairy tale. Giving the wolf leverage to trick Little Red and to ultimately eating her poor, sick grandmother.

Working in an EBL group Essays

Working in an EBL group Essays Working in an EBL group Paper Working in an EBL group Paper The other important concept in the profession of nursing is the empowerment of nurses themselves. Empowerment of nurses, like that of clients holds the importance of autonomy and independence. A nurses empowerment is mainly defined by the use of Kanters (1993) theory of organizational empowerment, where in order to feel empowered the nurse must be able to have access to information, support, resources and opportunities to grow and develop with the nursing environment (Lashinger and Wong 1999). These empowering structures have a personal effect on the nurse, causing the nurse to have more feelings of independence and self of this is during my clinical placement, nurses go on study days to help in their professional development. Empowerment of nurses also brings accountability which is ability to give explanation for ones actions. Accountability is becoming more and more detrimental to the health field and is playing a bigger role in the outcome of empowerment. Education and training is important in the process of empowering the nurse. Education causes knowledge and skill, which allow the nurse to first provide healthcare and second know the reason behind what he or she is doing, which empowers the nurse as knowledge is a precursor to feeling in control (Dooher and Byrt 2003). One of the hurdles in the empowerment of nurses is the tendency to rely on the management. One of the hindrances of empowerment is caused by hierarchy within the situation, whether it is between the client and nurse or the client and management. A further challenge resides not so much in the obstacles to achieving nurse empowerment but in the likely consequences of it. That is there are risks involved for those who are sufficiently empowered to speak up and challenge vested political and economic interests as part of a broader health promotion role (Kendel 2004). A final point worthy of consideration concerns not so much the challenge of empowering nurses, but the issue of empowering patients in a care setting, facilitating the ability for them to exert greater control over their care and decision making may not always be appropriate and desirable. In spite of the arguments, there is the underlying assumption that by acting in an empowering way, health professionals will become more effective and people will become healthier (Kendel 2004). In conclusion, nurses power may arise from three components: a workplace that has the requisite structures that promote empowerment; a psychological belief in ones ability to be empowered; and acknowledgement that there is power in the relationships and caring that nurses provide. (Jack 1995) REFLECTION on EBL Reflection has been defined by Taylor (2000) as: The throwing back of thoughts and memories, in cognitive acts such as thinking, contemplation, meditation and any other form of attentive consideration, in order to make sense of them, and so make contextually appropriate changes if they are required. In order to reflect on the process of the presentation, I will adapt the Gibbss reflective cycle. Description  As a group the concept of empowerment was given to us. A chair, a scribe and time keeper was appointed. We also divided the group into three sub group because it was a large group. On the first session, list of things was achieved which includes ground rules, different definition of empowerment, means, importance of and the pro and cons of empowerment. Each sub group was then allocated a topic to research and report back with. On the second session every sub group delivered their findings to the whole group but we still lacked the major points. These lead to delayed progression of the work. Decision was reached to use PowerPoint presentation and for each sub group to type their work and send it to the scribe. On the last session, we still lacked some major information but managed to put the whole work together. On the whole there was a lot of ideas and information but we lacked organisation. We had no time for practice run. The presentation was done but on reflection, our weakness and strengths was well acknowledged. Feelings  I often felt anxious and uncertain about what the group are expected to do. I felt that everyone wanted their piece of work to be used. I thought that the time allocated to the presentation was limited. I strongly believe that the group put a lot of time and effort into the process but did not show this at sometimes. I felt unable to assert my views, so I avoided open conflict in favour of an outwardly harmonious team. Looking back I wish I had the courage to challenge some views being expressed. According to Johns and Freshwater (2005) that the process of learning is experiential and it not on a conceptual level. Evaluation  The aims of the presentation were clearly stated. We had a clear indication of the purpose in the introduction. Although we had appropriate delivery of presentation, but it could have been developed using variation in the PowerPoint presentation. We should have assessed and looked at how the information was verbally presented. It was a good group work and we worked well to develop the contents, however material represented was often not referenced and on occasions unclear. We also had limited links to practice. Nevertheless, we provided quite a background to empowerment and overall, this proved to be a positive experience that made me learn to adapt to the circumstances around me. Analysis  Working in an EBL group helped me to develop and practice the skills of communication like listening, eye contact, tone of voice and team working that are essential for caring for patients in my practice area. Johns and Freshwater (2005) emphasis that communication group learning and guidance takes place through dialogue and the first art is listening. It helped me to make joined and collective decision making. I was able to learn how to share tasks and responsibilities. I acquired the knowledge of negotiation and reflection as a group. Through it, I learnt concept of empowerment as a whole. In relation to my clinical experience, I will be able to share information, knowledge and skills which will help me to participate in patient self empowerment and decision making. My own process of learning has improved dramatically through this process. Conclusion We could have focused more in analysing and looking at the concept of empowerment. We should have ensured that the aims identified were properly addressed and explored other variation of PowerPoint presentation. The link to practice could have also been clearly demonstrated. According to Johns and Freshwater (2005) reflecting on experience after event draws insights that may inform your future practice in a positive way. Action plan  If in the same situation, I will suggest to the group that we be less descriptive and provide more analysis of the concept of empowerment. To use a more coherent approach when presenting and allow time for practice run and communicate more. In regards to me as the chair, I will be more assertive in a different way. REFERENCES 1. Dooher, J and Byrt, R. (2003) Empowerment and the Health service User. Vol 2 Quay Books London. 2. Gibbs, G. (1994) Learning by doing: A guide to teaching and learning methods. Further education Unit. Oxford University. 3. Gibson, H.C. (1991) A concept analysis of Empowerment. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 16, 354-361. 06/04/07. 4. Jack, R. (1995) Empowerment in Community Care. Chapman and Hall. London. 5. Johns, C and Freshwater, D. (2005) Transforming Nursing through Reflective Practice. Blackwell Publishing. Oxford. 6. Kanter, H. (1993) The Theory of Organisational Empowerment. Galerie Hellingman. London.

Biography of Alexander II, Russias Reformist Tsar

Biography of Alexander II, Russia's Reformist Tsar Alexander II (born Alexander Nikolaevich Romanov; April 29, 1818 – March 13, 1881) was a nineteenth-century Russian emperor. Under his rule, Russia moved towards reform, most notably in the abolition of serfdom. However, his assassination cut these efforts short. Fast Facts: Alexander II Full Name:  Alexander Nikolaevich Romanov Occupation: Emperor of RussiaBorn: April 29, 1818 in Moscow, RussiaDied: March 13, 1881 in Saint Petersburg, RussiaKey Accomplishments: Alexander II earned a reputation for reform and a willingness to bring Russia into the modern world. His greatest legacy was the freeing of Russian serfs in 1861.Quote: The vote, in the hands of an ignorant man, without either property or self respect, will be used to the damage of the people at large; for the rich man, without honor or any kind of patriotism, will purchase it, and with it swamp the rights of a free people.† Early Life Alexander was born in Moscow in 1818 as the first son and heir of Tsar Nicholas I and his wife Charlotte, a Prussian princess. His parents’ marriage was, luckily (and somewhat unusually) for a purely political union, a happy one, and Alexander had six siblings who survived childhood. From birth, Alexander was given the title of Tsesarevich, which was traditionally given to the heir to the Russian throne. (The similar-sounding title tsarevich applied to any sons of a tsar, including non-Russians, and ceased being used by Romanov rulers in 1797). The upbringing and early education of Alexander was not one that seemed conducive to create a great reformer. Indeed, the opposite, if anything, was true. At the time, the court and political atmosphere was intensely conservative under his father’s authoritarian rule. Dissent from any corner, regardless of rank, was severely punishable. Even Alexander, who was the darling of his family and of all Russia, would have had to be careful. Nicholas, however, was nothing if not practical in the upbringing of his successor. He had suffered from a dull, frustrating education as a â€Å"spare† to the throne (his immediate predecessor was not his father, but rather his brother Alexander I) that had left him without any desire to take up the title. He was determined to not let his son suffer the same fate and provided him with tutors that included reformer Mikhail Speransky and romantic poet Vasily Zhukovsky, plus a military instructor, General Karl Merder. This combination led to Alexander being well-prepared and more liberal than his father. At the age of sixteen, Nicholas created a ceremony in which Alexander formally swore allegiance to the autocracy as the successor. Marriage and Early Reign While on tour in Western Europe in 1839, Alexander was in search of a royal wife. His parents preferred Princess Alexandrine of Baden and arranged for the twenty-one-year-old tsesarevich to meet her. The meeting was unimpressive, and Alexander declined to pursue the match. He and his entourage made an unplanned stop at the court of the Grand Duke of Hesse, Ludwig II, where he met and became smitten with the duke’s daughter, Marie. Despite some early objections from his mother and a long engagement because of Marie’s youth (she was only fourteen when they met), Alexander and Marie married on April 28, 1841. Although the protocols of court life did not appeal to Marie, the marriage was a happy one, and Alexander leaned on Marie for support and advice. Their first child, the Grand Duchess Alexandra, was born in August 1842, but died of meningitis at the age of six. In September 1843, the couple had their son and Alexander’s heir, Nicholas, followed in 1845 by Alexander (the future Tsar Alexander III), Vladimir in 1847, and Alexei in 1850. Even after Alexander took mistresses, their relationship remained close. Nicholas I died of pneumonia in 1855, and Alexander II succeeded to the throne at the age of 37. His early reign was dominated by the fallout from the Crimean War and cleaning up overwhelming corruption at home. Thanks to his education and personal leanings, he began pushing forward a more reformist, liberal set of policies than the iron-fisted authoritarianism of his predecessors. Reformer and Liberator Alexander’s signature reform was the liberation of the serfs, which he began working towards almost immediately after coming to the throne. In 1858, he toured the country to encourage the nobility – who were reluctant to give up their reliance on serfs – to back the reform. The Emancipation Reform of 1861 formally abolished serfdom throughout the Russian Empire, giving 22 million serfs the rights of full citizens. His reforms were not limited to this by any means. Alexander ordered the reform of the Russian military, from enforcing conscription for all social classes (not just the peasantry) to improving officer education to creating districts for more efficient administration. An elaborate and detailed bureaucracy worked to reform the judicial system and make the system simpler and more transparent. At the same time, his government created local districts that took on many duties of self-governance. Despite his zeal for reform, Alexander was no democratic ruler. The Moscow Assembly proposed a constitution, and in response, the tsar dissolved the assembly. He fervently believed that diluting the power of the autocracy with representatives of the people would destroy the populace’s quasi-religious view of the tsar as a divinely-ordained, unquestioned ruler. When separatist movements, particularly in Poland and Lithuania, threatened to erupt, he suppressed them harshly, and later in his reign, he began to crack down on liberal teachings at universities. However, he supported efforts in Finland to increase its autonomy. An assassination attempt in April 1866 may have contributed to Alexander’s shift away from his earlier liberal reforms. Assassination and Legacy Alexander was the target of several assassination attempts, including the one in 1866. In April 1879, a would-be assassin named Alexander Soloviev shot at the tsar as he walked; the shooter missed and was sentenced to death. Later that year, other revolutionaries attempted a more elaborate plot, orchestrating a railway explosion – but their information was incorrect and they missed the tsar’s train. In February 1880, the tsar’s enemies came closer than they ever had before to achieving their goal when Stephan Khalturin, from the same radical group that bombed the train, managed to detonate a device in the Winter Palace itself, killing and wounding dozens and causing damage to the palace, but the imperial family was awaiting a late arrival and was not in the dining room. On March 13, 1881, Alexander went, as was his custom, to a military roll call. He rode in a bulletproof carriage gifted to him by Napoleon III, which saved his life during the first attempt: a bomb thrown under the carriage as it passed by. Guards attempted to evacuate Alexander quickly. Another conspirator, a radical revolutionary named Ignacy Hryniewiecki, got close enough to throw a bomb directly at the fleeing emperor’s feet. The bomb horrifically wounded Alexander, as well as others in the vicinity. The dying tsar was brought to the Winter Palace, where he was given his last rites and died minutes later. Alexander left behind a legacy of slow but steady reform and began the modernization of Russia – but his death stopped what would have been one of the biggest reforms: a set of planned changes that Alexander had approved and spoke of as a step towards a true constitution – something Romanov rulers had always resisted. The announcement was set to be made around March 15, 1881. But Alexander’s successor chose instead to retaliate for the assassination with severe setbacks to civil liberties, including arrests of dissenters and anti-Semitic pogroms that would last for the rest of the Romanov era. Sources Montefiore, Simon Sebag. The Romanovs: 1613 – 1918. London, Weidenfeld Nicolson, 2017.Mosse, W.E. â€Å"Alexander II: Emperor of Russia.† Encyclopaedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-II-emperor-of-RussiaRadzinsky, Edvard. Alexander II: The Last Great Tsar. Simon Schuster, 2005.

International strategic human resource management Essay

International strategic human resource management - Essay Example The Columbian Martin Barbero calls this movement as abstract inclusion and concrete exclusion. He emphsized that the many once sleepy towns have awaken to be the new industrial towns and cities of the nineteenth century where there was more class segregation. The community separation was made more complex by the more complex work conditions in our new industrial capitalism. Thus, the social authority was being deminished due to the commercial dismemberment of the cohesiveness of the national culture.( Goodall,1995) We can now travel, by jetplane, from on corner of the United Kingdom to the farthest community in the European Union. The European Union has given the citizens of one European Union country the free pass to visit any other European Union nation without a VISA. Airplanes and speedy trains have made travel from one European Union Country to Another very fast. A very good example is the United Kingdom which is composed of 3 countries. ... The national culture of one country is now in danger of being taken over or being mixed with the cultural of other countries.Storey quotes ""Every time that we snatch up a vehement opinion in ignorance and passion, every time that we long to crush an advesary by sheer violence, every time that we are envious, every time that we are brutal, every time that we adore mere power of success, every time that we add our voice to swell a blind clamor against some unpopular (Raymond, 1990)personage, every time that we trample savagely on the fallen [we have] found in our own bosom the eternal spirit of the populace.' (107; my italics) This quote by John Storey emphasizes that the new national culture is now a common culture (Inge,1989) of violence, envy, success, jealousy and success.Storey also states that national culture(David & Wodak,1999) has been marked by the above culture of cohesiveness under a state of authoritarianism and principles of hierarchy.Storey quoted Dwight Macdonald sayin g in the article A theory of Mass Culture "Mass culture (Wierzbicka, 1992)is imposed from above. It is fabricated by technicians hired by businessmen; its audience are passive consumers, their participation limited to the choice between buying and not buying. The Lords of kitsch, in short, exploit the cultural needs of the masses in order to make a profit and/or to maintain their class rule. (1998:23)" (Storey 29) This is a more sophisticated meaning of the society pertaining particularly to the consumers. The consumers simply either buy or do not buy the goods. The companies readily exploit this buy or not buy